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RESEARCH ARTICLE

SA JOURNAL OF DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE

30

VOLUME 14 NUMBER 1 • JULY 2017

jeopardy score, developed by Dash

et al

., 1977,

17

and validated by

Califf

et al

.,1985,

18

detects the main vessels affected in their large

branches, Fig. 1B).

Coronary angiographies of patients were reviewed by two

experts who were blinded to the patients’ BMI and WHR. Patients

were divided into five groups according to their BMI; normal BMI

(21–24 kg/m

2

), overweight (25–29 kg/m

2

), class I obesity (30–34 kg/

m

2

), class II obesity (35–39 kg/m

2

) and class III obesity (> 40 kg/m

2

).

Also patients were divided into four groups according to their age;

20–39, 40–59, 60–79 and > 80 years old.

Inclusion criteria were patients over 20 years old who had

definite indications for coronary angiography, based on their

clinical background. The exclusion criteria were patients unwilling

to participate in the study.

For the purpose of multivariate analysis, we included in the study

evaluations of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as HTN

(systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/ diastolic blood pressure

≥ 90 mmHg), DM [fasting blood sugar > 126 mg/dl (6.99 mmol/l)

and/glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA

1c

) > 6%], hyperlipidaemia [low-

density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol > 120 mg/dl (3.11 mmol/l) and

triglycerides > 150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/l)], family history of CAD and

cigarette smoking (current smoker: at least five cigarettes/day for

≥ one year).

Statistical analysis

For analysing data, SPSS version 15 (USA, Illinois, Chicago) was

used. The Student’s

t

-test was used for comparing quantitative

variables between two groups and the one-way ANOVA test was

used for comparing means of quantitative variables between

groups. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis of

compounding factors. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were

used for analysis of qualitative variables and a p-value ≥ 0.05 was

considered significant.

Results

Of 414 (100%) patients, 250 (60.4%) were male and their

ages ranged from 25 to 84 years. The prevalences of DM, HTN,

hyperlipidaemia, family history of CAD and cigarette smoking were

27.3, 29.5, 39.1, 5.8 and 26.3%, respectively. Basic clinical and

demographic characteristics of the patients are presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

Basic clinical and demographic characteristics of patients

Characteristics

Number (%)

Age, mean ± SD (years)

61.2 ± 27.4

Male gender

250 (60.4)

Diabetes mellitu

113 (27.3)

Hypertension

122 (29.5)

Hyperlipidaemia

162 (39.1)

History of CAD

24 (5.8)

Cigarette smoking

109 (26.3)

History of AP

254 (85.5)

History of MI

85 (20.5)

CAD = coronary artery disease, AP = angina pectoris, MI = myocardial

infarction.

Figure 1.

Diagrams of coronary artery tree demonstrating the 16 segments

counted in the SYNTAX score (A), and six segments counted in the Duke jeopardy

score (B). CFX = left circumflex coronary artery; CFX-MARG = major marginal

branch of the left circumflex coronary artery; LAD = left anterior descending

artery; LAD DIAG = major diagonal branch of the left anterior descending artery;

LCA = left main coronary artery; PDA = posterior descending coronary artery;

RCA = right coronary artery; SEPT = major septal perforating artery. (Adapted

from Sianos,

et al. Euro Intervent

2005;

1

: 219–227, and Callif,

et al. J Am Coll

Cardiol

1985;

5

: 1055.)

B

A