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TABLE OF CONTENT: South African Journal of
Diabetes and Vascular Disease
Volume 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov 2007
- Title: Diabetic renal disease in South Africa :
editorial
Authors: Van Rensburg, B.W.J.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 155-156
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Abstract: Unfortunately, the discovery of insulin several
decades ago did not resolve the problem of diabetes
mellitus. Patients were able to survive the initial
metabolic morbidity for longer, but soon the long-term
complications, and particularly, damage of the blood vessels
caused by the high glucose levels, became apparent.
- Title: Treating to target in type 2 diabetes :
the impossible dream? : editorial
Authors: Joffe, Barry; Kramer, Brian; Distiller, Larry
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 157-158
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Abstract: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing
rapidly throughout the world, especially in developing
countries. Accelerated cardiovascular disease is a major
long-term complication, being responsible for as much as 75%
of the mortality in some communities.
- Title: Challenges in developing therapies for
the metabolic syndrom : review
Authors: Matfin, Glenn
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 159-163
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Abstract: Metabolic syndrome refers to a clustering of
cardiovascular (CV) risk factors within a single individual.
The established risk factor such as obesity, type 2
diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and other emerging
risk factors are closely related to intra-abdominal
adiposity. Insulin resistance is also considered to be an
important factor in the aetiology of this syndrome. The
emerging risk factors include dysfunction of inflammation,
coagulation, platelets, fibrinolysis, lipoproteins,
endothelium, and other biological processes. Despite the
potential utility of having all the CV risk factors under
one umbrella term, debate continues about the very existence
of the metabolic syndrome and its diagnostic criteria.
Nevertheless, the component risk factors include some of the
most common and serious public health challenges facing the
developed and developing world today. By treating component
risk factors, many existing therapies and new drugs in
development target several aspects of metabolic syndrome.
However, no drug is currently approved specifically for
treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
The essential features of the metabolic syndrome, and some
of the challenges in developing treatment options are
discussed herein.
- Title: Microvascular complications : evaluation
and monitoring relevance to clinical practice, clinical
trials, and drug development : review
Authors: Greenstein, Adam; Tavakoli, Mitra; Mojaddidi, Moaz;
Al-Sunni, Ahmed; Matfin, Glenn; Malik, Rayaz A.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 164-169
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Abstract: The long-term microvascular complications of
diabetes pose a major health burden. Although, much of the
focus has been on the macrovascular complications, it is
clear that the microvascular complications have a
significant impact on both morbidity and mortality amongst
diabetic patients. Indeed retinopathy, nephropathy, and
neuropathy compete as the leading causes of premature
blindness, end-stage renal disease, and non-traumatic
lower-limb amputation, respectively. Furthermore,
complications develop and progress in unison and indeed
share many common risk factors. Effective evaluation and
monitoring of these complications in clinical practice is
clearly important, however, it is also relevant to clinical
intervention studies, and drug development programs
addressing microvascular complications. Novel diagnostic and
therapeutic strategies are continually evolving in this area
and will be discussed in more detail in this review.
- Title: Pre-diabetes : clinical relevance and
therapeutic approach : review
Authors: Pratley, Richard E.; Matfin, Glenn
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 170-178
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Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is epidemic in most
developed and many developing countries. The associated
morbidity, mortality and high costs of care, make type 2
diabetes an important global public health challenge and
target for prevention. Patients at high risk for type 2
diabetes can be diagnosed by fasting glucose levels or
responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Such
patients are also at increased risk for cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Since obesity and physical inactivity are
important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, lifestyle
interventions, emphasising modest weight loss and increases
in physical activity, should be recommended for most
patients with pre-diabetes. Such interventions are safe and
effective and also reduce risk factors for CVD. Several oral
antidiabetic agents have been shown to be effective at
delaying onset of type 2 diabetes. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
reduced incident diabetes by ~60%, whilst metformin,
acarbose and orlistat are only about half as effective as
the TZDs. Pharmacological interventions may be appropriate
for patients at particular risk for developing diabetes, but
the benefits of treatment need to be balanced against the
safety and tolerability of the intervention. If
pharmacological treatment is warranted, metformin should be
considered first because of its favourable overall safety,
tolerability, efficacy, and cost profile.
- Title: Delivering improved management and
outcomes in diabetic kidney disease in routine clinical care
: achieving best practice
Authors: Hardy, Kevin J.; Furlong, Niall J.; Hulme, Shirley
A.; O'brien, Sarah V.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 179-184
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Abstract: Aim: To examine the impact of service re-design on
management and outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with
microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.
Methods: The impact of implementation of evidence-based
processes of care (blood pressure [BP] control, glycaemic
control, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade,
aspirin and cholesterol-lowering therapy, and smoking
cessation) on progression to nephropathy in 338
microalbuminuria patients; and on death, doubling of serum
creatinine, new end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and
cardiovascular events in 127 nephropathy patients is
described.
Results: Effective implementation of evidence-based
processes of care improved surrogate outcomes (BP, HbA1C and
low density lipoprotein-cholesterol), was associated with
little progression of microalbuminuria to nephropathy (6.1
per 100-patient-years), and in diabetic nephropathy patients
were associated with rates of doubling of serum creatinine
(1.4 per 100-patient-years), progression to ESRF (1.1 per
100-patient-years), cardiovascular events (3.2 per
100-patient-years) and mortality (2.2 per 100-patient-years)
that compares favourably with landmark trials.
Conclusion: Service re-design in the management of type 2
diabetic kidney disease can deliver improved care and
outcomes comparable with landmark trials in a routine
clinical care setting.
- Title: Treating to target in type 2 diabetes :
achieving best practice
Authors: Keigher, Carol; Avalos, Gloria; Dunne, Fidelma
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 185-187
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Abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes have a three-fold
increased risk of developing vascular disease with death in
75% due to a vascular complication. Large prospective
studies have demonstrated the benefits of treating patients
with type 2 diabetes to strict targets regarding blood
pressure (BP), lipids and glucose. Using both American
Diabetes Association and Joint British Societies /
Guidelines we assessed the effectiveness of this
'treat-to-target' policy in diabetic patients attending
secondary care. Of 321 patient notes analysed 54-87% were
within target for total cholesterol, 80-84% for LDL
cholesterol, 77% for HDL cholesterol, 51% for triglycerides,
44-61% for systolic BP, 62% for diastolic BP and 30-44% for
HbA1C. In the secondary care setting we are performing well
for lipids, less well for BP and poorly for HbA1C.
- Title: Chronic wounds : optimising wound
management : disease focus
Authors: Clarkson, Ayesha; Kirby, Mike
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 188-190
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Abstract: Practice and other community-based nurses play a
central role in achieving high quality wound care in
patients treated initially in general practice and in those
who have been discharged from hospital. This article
summarises some of the wound management products available
for chronic wounds, and the importance of continued wound
care in the primary care setting, before focusing on one of
the latest approaches - total negative pressure (TNP).
- Title: Comment : a South African perspective on
chronic wounds : optimising wound management : achieving
best practice
Authors: Sinclair, Werner
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 191
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Abstract: The care of chronic wounds remains a challenge,
more so than that of acute wounds. Acute wounds are usually
seen in patients subjected to surgery or trauma and they
almost always occur in skin that was healthy prior to the
injury, making recovery and healing so much easier, as long
as the circulation is not impaired and secondary infection
can be prevented.
- Title: You and your treatment : starting on
metformin : keep and copy series
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 193
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Abstract: Metformin is prescribed to people who have
diabetes, a condition where your body is not able to control
its own sugar (glucose) level. High sugar levels in the
blood can damage the blood vessels in your body so it is
important to keep levels as close to normal as possible.
- Title: Special report on the EASD meeting :
Amsterdam 2007 : special reprot
Authors: Koning, J.M.M.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 194-196
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Abstract: The 43rd annual meeting of the European
Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) was held in
Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from 18-21 September 2007.
- Title: Approval in the EU for use of NovoRapid(R)
in the elderly : drug trends
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 196
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Abstract: Novo Nordisk announced at the 2007 EASD congress
that the European Commission had approved rapid-acting
insulin, NovoRapid(R) (insulin aspart) for treatment of
diabetes in the elderly and in people with renal or hepatic
impairment.
- Title: Positive benefit-risk balance for
rosiglitazone and pioglitazone : drug trends
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 197
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Abstract: Finalising a review of the benefits and risks of
the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), rosiglitazone (Avandia) and
pioglitazone (Actos), on 18 October 2007 the European
Medicines Agency concluded that the benefits of these
antidiabetic medicines continue to outweigh their risks in
the approved indications.
- Title: Rimonabant effects on visceral fat
confirmed by CT scan : drug trends
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 197
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Abstract: The first direct evidence of the effects of
Acomplia(R) (rimonabant) in significantly reducing human
visceral fat (the metabolically active fat wrapped around
the vital organs in the abdomen, such as liver and pancreas)
was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the European
Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
- Title: Vascular-protective effects of metformin
: drug trends
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 198-199
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Abstract: The vascular-protective effects of metformin are
similar to those achieved with lipidlowering or blood
pressurelowering therapy, placing this agent on an equal
footing with these first-line therapies in type 2 diabetes
treatment.
- Title: Advancing the science of aspirin in
primary prevention of vascular events : drug trends
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 201-202
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Abstract: Underutilisation of aspirin, the most
well-researched and cost-effective therapy in preventive
cardiovascular medicine, will come under increased scrutiny
as the Bayer Healthcare-sponsored ARRIVE study gathers
momentum across the globe.
- Title: Diabesity : the weight of the world :
drug trends
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 203
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Abstract: Diabesity, the combination of obesity and
diabetes, is a serious pandemic in the 21st century and the
most significant public health problem facing many
communities.
- Title: Novo Nordisk and IDF join forces against
childhood diabetes : diabetes news
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 4, Oct / Nov
Published: 2007
Pages: 204
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Abstract: A t the EASD in Amsterdam, Novo Nordisk and the
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) presented a global
overview of the diabetes burden among children and
adolescents.
- Title: Combination therapy for diabetic
dyslipidaemia - the jury is still out : editorial
Authors: Raal, F.J.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 112-113
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- Title: Rational therapy of mixed dyslipidaemia
in a patient with diabete : achieving best practice
Authors: Reasner, Charles
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 115-120
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Abstract: Diabetic dyslipidaemia refers to the triad of
elevated levels of triglycerides and small, dense LDL-C
particles and low levels of HDL-C. These lipid abnormalities
are largely responsible for the increased risk of
cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. This
case study outlines a rational approach to the treatment of
each of these lipid abnormalities and emphasises the
importance of both lowering the LDL-C and raising the HDL-C
in highrisk individuals. Combination drug therapy will often
be necessary to achieve treatment goals in these patients.
- Title: Why we need a new model for diabetes care
: achieving best practice
Authors: Matthews, David R.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 121-122
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Abstract: MODEL (Management Of Diabetes for ExceLlence) is a
group of healthcare professionals calling for a higher ideal
of diabetes care in England and Wales. Its report, published
in May 2007, finds that while diabetes care is good in many
aspects and regions, there are still significant gaps and
shortcomings, particularly in the care of children and young
people. The scale of growth of diabetes and its growing
impact on healthcare costs indicate that a much more
forward-looking approach is needed if the NHS is to meet
future demands.
- Title: Comment : a South African perspective on
MODEL (Management Of Diabetes for ExceLlence) : achieving
best practice
Authors: Levitt, Naomi S.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 123
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- Title: Drug treatments for obesity : where are
we heading and how do we get there? : achieving best
practice
Authors: Sonnenberg, Gabriele E.; Matfin, Glenn; Reinhardt,
Rickey R.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 124-130
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Abstract: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions with an
estimated 1.7 billion people worldwide classified as either
overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with multiple
co-morbidities (often clustered as the metabolic syndrome),
and can result in decreased life expectancy, with enormous
costs to society.
Even modest weight loss has been demonstrated to exhibit
beneficial effects on the co-morbidities of obesity. While
reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity,
combined with behavioural modification, appears to be the
most rational approach to weight reduction, it only offers
short-lived success. For severely obese individuals,
bariatric surgery has become an increasingly preferred
option resulting in dramatic and well-maintained weight
reductions followed by significant changes in
obesity-related diseases.
Currently, few anti-obesity drugs are approved by regulatory
authorities for long-term use (i.e. orlistat, sibutramine
and rimonabant). Anti-obesity drug development is an active
and dynamic field focusing on two major approaches: 1)
inhibiting energy intake by addressing the input into the
hypothalamic feeding centre or, 2) attempting to accelerate
energy expenditure. Overcoming the hurdles of developing
such medications is a daunting task, but it can be
anticipated that several drugs in current development might
become available within the next decade, and combination
therapy of two or more agents could be the future of
pharmacological prevention and treatment of obesity.
- Title: ADVANCE in the prevention of
cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetics : current topics
Authors: Rayner, Brian
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 131-132
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Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are
comorbid clinical conditions that act synergistically to
substantially raise the risk of both micro- and
macrovascular complications. Seventy to 80% of type 2
diabetics have hypertension, and overall the chance of a
cardiovascular event within 10 years is two to threefold
higher than that of each condition alone. It has become
central to the treatment of T2D to co-manage diabetes and
hypertension through tight glucose and blood pressure (BP)
control to prevent both microand macrovascular disease, and
reduce cardiovascular events. Yet surprisingly, given the
almost epidemic proportions of T2D, we have few
evidence-based trials on which to base our clinical
guidelines.
- Title: Diabetic papillopathy diagnosed on
retinal screening in an asymptomatic patient : case report
Authors: Zachariah, Sunil; Sharfi, Osman; Burton, Ben;
Nussey, Stephen Spencer; Bano, Gul
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 134-135
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- Title: Body mass index (BMI) or waist-hip ratio?
: monitoring
Authors: Kirby, Mike
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 137-139
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- Title: Update on diabetic complications : drug
trends in diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 140-144
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- Title: Batswadi invests in improving patient
care with expert input at SEMSDA congress : drug trends in
diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 145-146
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- Title: Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance
is strongly associated with lower testosterone levels : drug
trends in diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 146-147
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- Title: Successful use of once-daily biphasic
insulin aspart 30 with metformin in type 2 diabetes : drug
trends in diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 148
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- Title: Changing diabetes - the highroad to
diabetes prevention in South Africa : diabetes news
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 150
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- Title: Fifty years of metformin, the first
option in type 2 diabetes : diabetes news
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 3, Aug / Sep
Published: 2007
Pages: 152
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- Title: From the editor's desk
Authors: Mollentze, Willie
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 52
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- Title: Diabetes in pregnancy, a challenge to
Africa : edtorial
Authors: Coetzee, Edward J.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 53-54
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- Title: Rosiglitazone and risk of cardiovascular
disease : a storm in a teacup, or the beginning of the end?
: editorial
Authors: Koning, J.M.M.; Mollentze, W.F.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 55-56
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- Title: Letter to the editor : advertorial
Authors: Singh, N.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 57
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- Title: Heart failure complicating acute
myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes :
pathophysiology and management strategies : review
Authors: Sulfi, Sreekumar; Timmis, Adam D.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 58-62
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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of acute
coronary events and is similar to that of people without
diabetes who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI).
Left ventricular failure is a major contributor to the
excess mortality observed in diabetic MI. This review
explores this excess risk and considers strategies for its
prevention and treatment.
- Title: Heart failure and diabetes in primary
care : review
Authors: Kirby, Mike
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 64-69
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Abstract: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease, such as heart
failure share many common denominators and they cannot
therefore be managed 'in isolation'. The management of
overall cardiovascular risk is now the cornerstone to any
treatment approach. With the prevalence of both diabetes and
heart failure predicted to rise, in a bid to avoid the
associated increase in hospital admissions, the onus for
effective diagnosis and management of both of these
conditions will increasingly fall to those working in
primary care. This article explores the current guidelines
on managing heart failure in primary care, and specifically
looks at the prevention and treatment of heart failure in
those with diabetes. Current guidelines recommend
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as first-line
therapy for heart failure. There is good evidence for this,
as well as alternative treatments for those who cannot
tolerate ACE inhibitors, or who require additional
treatment.
- Title: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological
treatment of endothelial dysfunction : relevance to diabetes
: review
Authors: Gkaliagkousi, Eugenia; Shah, Ashish; Ferro, Albert
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 70-75
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Abstract: Vascular disease is the most important
complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with both
micro- and macrovascular disease underlying most of the
death and disability observed in diabetic patients.
Endothelial dysfunction is a cardinal feature of both types
of diabetes, and is believed to be involved in the aetiology
and pathophysiology of diabetic vasculopathy. Therefore,
measures which improve endothelial dysfunction in diabetes
are currently the subject of much interest and research. In
this article, we review both drug and non-drug therapies for
endothelial dysfunction, along with evidence of their
effectiveness in diabetes. We suggest that those therapies
for which good evidence of endothelial benefit exists should
be more widely used in diabetic patients, and that the
maximum benefit will be derived by using multiple such
therapies in combination.
- Title: Improving outcomes of pregnancy for women
with type 1 and type 2 diabete : achieving best practice
Authors: Murphy, Helen R.; Temple, Rosemary C.; Roland,
Jonathan M.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 76-80
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Abstract: The pregnancy outcomes for women with type 1
diabetes remain poor with increased risk of major congenital
malformation, stillbirth, premature delivery and perinatal
death compared to the background maternity population.
Despite clear evidence that women who attend prepregnancy
care have improved blood glucose control with reduced risk
of serious adverse outcomes, only a minority of women attend
these clinics. For women with type 2 diabetes who are older,
more obese and more likely to belong to an ethnic minority
or live in an area of social deprivation, pregnancy outcomes
are at least as poor as for women with type 1 diabetes. This
is important as the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women
of reproductive years is increasing and even fewer women
with type 2 diabetes attend prepregnancy care or take folic
acid supplementation. Greater awareness regarding the risks
among women with diabetes as well as primary and secondary
healthcare professionals is required, if pregnancy outcomes
are to be improved.
- Title: Effect of candesartan cilexetil on
carotid intima-media thickness in hypertensive type 2
diabetic patients. MITEC study : design and baseline
characteristics : current topics
Authors: Valensi, Paul; Baguet, Jean-Philippe; Asmar,
Roland; Nisse-Durgeat, Sophie; Mallion, Jean-Michel
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 81-87
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Abstract: Media Intima Thickness Evaluation of Candesartan (MITEC),
a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group
study assessed the effect of candesartan cilexetil (CC)
versus amlodipine (AML) administered during three years, on
carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in hypertensive type 2
diabetic patients. The study design, the baseline
characteristics, and the determinants of carotid IMT are
presented.
After a placebo run-in period of four weeks, patients were
randomised to CC (n=100) or AML (n=109). The mean blood
pressure values were 155.9+11.0 mmHg, 91.3+8.0 mmHg and
64.6+11.8 mmHg for systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure
respectively, and the mean HbA1C was 7.1+1.3%. The mean
common carotid IMT was 0.74+0.16 mm. The univariate
regression analyses showed a significant correlation between
IMT and age (p<0.0001), gender (p=0.013) and creatinine
clearance (p=0.03). Only age was significantly correlated
with carotid IMT (p<0.0001) in the multivariate analysis.
In conclusion, the MITEC population has good metabolic
control at baseline where carotid IMT is mainly related with
age.
- Title: Insulin detemir in everyday practice :
drug trends in diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 88, 90-91
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- Title: FIELD study supports the value of
fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes management : drug trends in
diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 91-92
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- Title: Special report on the sanofi-aventis
cardiometabolic symposium : drug trends in diabetes
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 95-99, 103-104, 106
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- Title: The Heartfelt Commitment campaign :
diabetes news
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 2, Jun
Published: 2007
Pages: 108
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- Title: Incretins - from effect to therapy :
editorial
Authors: Wing, Jeff
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 1, Mar
Published: 2007
Pages: 4-5
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- Title: Unlikely bedfellows? Management of
diabetes and cardiovascular disease : the new ESC-EASD joint
guidelines : editorial
Authors: Distiller, Larry A.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 1, Mar
Published: 2007
Pages: 6-7
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- Title: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease :
natural history, pathogenesis and treatment : review
Authors: Hayes, Peter C.; Campbell, Ian W.; Ferguson, James
W.; Mcavoy, Norma C.
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 1, Mar
Published: 2007
Pages: 9-16
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Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the
term used to describe the alcohol-like liver injury that
occurs in the absence of alcohol abuse. It embraces a range
of histological abnormalities including simple steatosis or
fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFLD
induced cirrhosis. The predominant risk factor for NAFLD
appears to be insulin resistance. Simple steatosis and NASH
are generally asymptomatic and it is only the development of
cirrhosis that has clinical consequence. At present, therapy
in NAFLD concentrates on managing risk factors but in the
future clinical trials may provide robust evidence for the
use of insulin sensitising agents and other potential
therapies.
- Title: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in
childhood : review
Authors: Brown, Rachel; Baumann, Ulrich
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 1, Mar
Published: 2007
Pages: 18-22
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Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an
often undiagnosed entity of chronic liver disease with an
uncertain prognosis. Recently NAFLD has probably become the
most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in children.
The term NAFLD covers a spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease from benign static disease to more aggressive
forms that can progress to cirrhosis within childhood. The
term non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is nowadays
reserved to describe these progressive forms of NAFLD.
Insulin resistance is a significant aetiological factor and
hence a majority of patients with diabetes, obesity and the
metabolic syndrome have the disease. Histological
confirmation of NAFLD requires 5% steatosis to support the
diagnosis and distinguishes an adult (NASH type 1) and a
paediatric form (NASH type 2). Current treatment options
focus on lifestyle changes to improve underlying obesity and
glucose intolerance. This article provides an overview of
currently existing data regarding diagnosis and management
of children with suspected NAFLD.
- Title: How oral glycaemic drugs work
Authors: Schachter, Michael
From: South African Journal of Diabetes and Vascular
Disease, Vol 4, Issue 1, Mar
Published: 2007
Pages: 24-25
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Notes: This pdf, as supplied by the publisher, is
unfortunately not searchable.
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